![]() ![]() They rarely act alone and mostly form dynamic protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks to achieve multi-functionality and various cellular signalling pathways 10, 11. The whole proteome is involved in important physiological and signalling tasks in the cellular system, and every expression of the protein modulates the whole interactome. Whereas, the study of a complex network called graph theory, which is an area of a branch of discrete mathematics and simplify the complex biological problems 43. Systems biology is an interdisciplinary field that has capacity to bridges the gap between in vitro and in vivo models by the data produced from omics and to reveal the functional perceptive of all biomolecules present in any biological model 44. To solve this kind of complex proteome/genome networking, researchers generally use system biology and graph theory approaches and principles. The anti-reductionism view provides a bigger picture of biomolecular components system and how these components are interconnected through a complex web system of interactions, directing to a function of a living cell. In modern molecular biology, antireductionism or zoom out approach should be followed by biologist, it should not be only focused on functioning of individual biomolecular components, this kind of approach leads our vision towards the reductionism or zoom in approach. ![]() (1999), have published an influential article entitled "From molecular to modular cell biology" on the new challenges of modern biology and pointed out an issue on the importance of constructing a general framework in which biological networks could be understood as a part of a complex modular organization of biomolecules of cellular system 9. Thus, it is of huge interest to advert the key regulatory targets of curcumin in various patho-biological conditions. This pleiotropic potential of curcumin can be endorsed to its capability to interact with a huge interactome of biomolecular targets of cellular system that participate in multiple signalling pathways 8. Many research studies have been published in the past dealing with the mode of action of curcumin yet inconclusive, and still the puzzle remains unsolved. Curcumin’s market is expected to witness a huge development due to growth in consumer awareness regarding its therapeutic properties, and that’s why an intense scientific study are urgently needed to explore the precise mechanistic action of curcumin. Earlier studies clearly exhibit the highly pleiotropic actions of curcumin as anti-cancerous 1, 2, anti-inflammatory 2, 3, anti-microbial 4, anti-oxidant 5, cardio-protective 6, radio-protective 7 and many more that makes it an ideal ingredient in different medical and food applications. The global curcumin market was valued at $58.4 million in 2019 and is projected to reach $104.19 million by 2025. The reason for the selection of curcumin for this study is, it is one of the important and thoroughly investigated naturally occurring bioactive compound, but its precise mode of action is still unclear. Curcumin is a yellowish-orange polyphenolic compound of turmeric/haldi ( Curcuma longa), a herb often found in curry powder. Naturally derived compounds possess enormous potential for medicinal and therapeutic actions for the management of diseases and curcumin is one of the most suitable examples among them. This comprehensive in-silico study will help to understand how curcumin induces its anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects in the human body. The current findings deduce a precise molecular mechanism that curcumin might exert in the system. Finally, the analysis of topological characteristic like bottleneck, degree, GO term/pathways analysis, bio-kinetics simulation, molecular docking, and dynamics studies were performed for the selection of key regulatory proteins of curcumin-rewired PIN. Most of them were associated with human diseases groups, particularly carcinogenesis, inflammation, and infectious diseases. MCODE plug-in was used for sub-modulization analysis, wherein we identified 25 modules ClueGo plug-in was used for the pathway’s enrichment analysis, wherein 37 enriched signalling pathways were obtained. The PIN rewired by curcumin was a scale-free, extremely linked biological system. To identify the curcumin governed regulatory action on protein interaction network (PIN), an interectome was created based on 788 key proteins, extracted from PubMed literatures, and constructed by using STRING and Cytoscape programs. The precise mode of action of curcumin and its impact on system level protein networks are still not well studied. Curcumin is an important bioactive component of turmeric and also one of the important natural products, which has been investigated extensively. ![]()
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